pH and Pool Water

pH balance in swimming pools is possibly the most critical element of pool water maintenance. If you consider that chlorine's ability to do its job is directly linked to the pH, high or low levels inevitably lead to sanitization problems. The ideal range for pH in swimming pool water is 7.0 - 7.6. The pH of our eyes is typically 7.2 - 7.4. In our experience, if the pH is kept at the same level as that in our eyes, the side-effects of burning red eyes is kept to a minimum. The ability of chlorine to disinfect at this level is also optimal.

What is ph?

High pH in swimming pool water may result in one or more of the following problems:

• scaling or calcium buildup on pool surfaces, waterline and accessories
• dull or cloudy pool water
• clogging of filter medium or elements
• drop in disinfection potential of chlorine resulting in algae growth
• burning eyes and nose
• dry, itchy skin and scalp

Lowering High pH in Pool Water

Adding an acid to the pool water reduces the pH. The most common chemicals used to reduce high pool water pH are:

• muriatic acid — typically 30% - 35% liquid hydrochloric acid
• sodium bisulfate — granule or powder pH reducer, dry acid

Other acids that have been used in pool water are:

• sulfuric acid — raises TDS levels and adds sulfates to the pool water
• nitric acid — highly corrosive but is known to work well

If the Total alkalinity of the pool water is within the recommended parameters of 80 - 120ppm, pH reducer should be added according to the instructions on the container. The acid should usually be added to water and mixed before dosing the pool. The pump should be running when the acid is slowly distributed around the pool. Low pH in swimming pool water may cause one or more of these problems:

• eroding of the pool plaster or grouting
• corroding of the metal pool accessories (steps, heater, etc.)
• staining resulting from metal corrosion
• rapid dissipation of chlorine requiring increased dosage
• burning eyes and nose
• dry, itchy skin and scalp
• perishing of swimwear, pool toys and accessories

Raising Low pH in Pool Water Adding a base or alkali raises the pH of the pool water. If the total alkalinity is normal, pH increaser should be added according to the instructions on the container. The active ingredient is usually sodium carbonate. Often low pH is a result of acid rain and occurs after periods of heavy precipitation. The normal tendency of pool water pH is to rise through exposure to wind, sunshine and bathers. The most common cause of consistently low pH is low total alkalinity, which should always be adjusted (with sodium bicarbonate) before trying to increase the pH.